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Τεκμήριο Comitology : το ζήτημα της συμβολής των επιτροπών στην εκτέλεση των αποφάσεων των οργάνων της Ευρωπαικής Ένωσης(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2010) Σεργάκη, Αικατερίνη; Μουκίου, Χρυσούλα Π.; Φουντεδάκη, Πηνελόπη Ν.; Κανελλοπούλου, Μαρία-Νέδα Α.; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουThe issue discussed has to do with comitology, in the level of committees’ assistance to the Commission in carrying out decisions of the European organs, with either regulatory or individual actions. Comitology refers to a decision-making procedure in which committees support and advise the Commission in the implementation of tasks conferred on it by the Community legislature. At the same time, the Member States maintain a degree of control over the way in which the Commission implements its tasks and, in certain circumstances, the Council can also be involved in the implementing measures. The committees are autonomous European bodies of a public nature, not directly established by the Treaties, but created as a result of acts of secondary legislation adopted by the Council. They consist of representatives of the Member States, under the chairmanship of a representative of the Commission, have their own legal personality and have been established with a view to fulfilling technical or scientific tasks. The committees constitute institutional counterweight to the executive power of the Commission and barrier to involvement of the European Parliament in the implementation of European legislation. The Council promulgated three comitology decisions (87/373/EEC, 1999/468/EC, 2006/512/EC – also the ongoing 2010/0051(COD)procedure) which aimed to improve the efficiency of the Community’s decision-making process, to achieve greater consistency and predictability in the choice of type of committee with non-binding criteria, to simplify the requirements for the exercise of implementing powers and to improve the involvement of and information to the European Parliament, as well as to improve information to the public. Approaching case law and legislation, we do search out the legal substance of comitology and its position in the European edifice, under the light of improvement of the116European institutions, for the interests of European citizens and the values of European civilization.Τεκμήριο Comitology: το ζήτημα της συμβολής των επιτροπών στην εκτέλεση των αποφάσεων των οργάνων της Ευρωπαικής Ένωσης(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα Δικαίου, 2010) Σεργάκη, Αικατερίνη; Μουκίου, Χρυσούλα Π.; Φουνταδάκη, Πηνελόπη; Κανελλοπούλου, Νέδα; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουThe issue discussed has to do with comitology, in the level of committees’ assistance to the Commission in carrying out decisions of the European organs, with either regulatory or individual actions. Comitology refers to a decision-making procedure in which committees support and advise the Commission in the implementation of tasks conferred on it by the Community legislature. At the same time, the Member States maintain a degree of control over the way in which the Commission implements its tasks and, in certain circumstances, the Council can also be involved in the implementing measures. The committees are autonomous European bodies of a public nature, not directly established by the Treaties, but created as a result of acts of secondary legislation adopted by the Council. They consist of representatives of the Member States, under the chairmanship of a representative of the Commission, have their own legal personality and have been established with a view to fulfilling technical or scientific tasks. The committees constitute institutional counterweight to the executive power of the Commission and barrier to involvement of the European Parliament in the implementation of European legislation. The Council promulgated three comitology decisions (87/373/EEC, 1999/468/EC, 2006/512/EC – also the ongoing 2010/0051(COD)procedure) which aimed to improve the efficiency of the Community’s decision-making process, to achieve greater consistency and predictability in the choice of type of committee with non-binding criteria, to simplify the requirements for the exercise of implementing powers and to improve the involvement of and information to the European Parliament, as well as to improve information to the public. Approaching case law and legislation, we do search out the legal substance of comitology and its position in the European edifice, under the light of improvement of the European institutions, for the interests of European citizens and the values of European civilization.Τεκμήριο Domain names & διακριτικά γνωρίσματα(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2006-10) Βασιλόπουλος, Σωτήριος Η.; Δούβλης, Βασίλης Α.; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουΤεκμήριο Freedom of expression under article 10 of the ECHR: a basic tool for the European legal order(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2012) Konidari, Magdalini; Mr. Perakkis“The European Convention on Human Rights is the most important form of expression of the attachment of the member states of the Council of Europe to the values of democracy, of peace and justice, and, through them, to the respect of the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individuals living in these societies.”Τεκμήριο OLAF - η ευρωπαϊκή υπηρεσία καταπολέμησης της απάτης: δομές και λειτουργία(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2008) Ζουμάκη, Αφροδίτη; Κουγέας, Βασίλης Δ. (1952-); Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουΤεκμήριο "Ολυμπιακή Αεροπορία Α.Ε." : κατάσταση - προβλήματα - αιτίες - προοπτικές : διερεύνηση της δυνατότητας παρέμβασης τω εργαζομένων στην Ο.Α. μέσω της εκπροσώπησης τους στα κέντρα λήψης αποφάσεων(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 1990) Λάϊνος, Γιάννης Σ.; Ρούσης, Γιώργος, 1948-; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουΤεκμήριο Tο «κούρεμα» των ομολόγων του ελληνικού δημοσίου (PSI): νομικά ζητήματα, συνέπειες και προεκτάσεις(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2015) Πέτρου, Παρασκευή Γ.; Μπώλος, Άγγελος Π.; Δούβλης, Βασίλης Α.; Ρούσσης, Δημήτριος Κ.; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Τμήμα ΔικαίουΤο «κούρεμα» του ελληνικού χρέους αποτέλεσε την μεγαλύτερη μέχρι σήμερα αναδιάρθρωση κρατικού χρέους και την πρώτη περίπτωση αναδιάρθρωσης χρέους για κράτος – μέλος της Ευρωζώνης. Ορισμένα από τα προβληματικά σημεία της διαδικασίας τέθηκαν στην κρίση του Συμβουλίου της Επικρατείας με αιτήσεις ακυρώσεως που άσκησαν μη συναινέσαντες κάτοχοι ομολόγων. Η παρούσα μελέτη αποτελεί μία συνοπτική αναφορά στα κυριότερα νομικά ζητήματα που ανέδειξε το εγχείρημα του PSI τόσο από άποψη δημοσίου όσο και από άποψη ιδιωτικού δικαίου. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μία πολύ συνοπτική ιστορική αναδρομή στην εξέλιξη του ελληνικού χρέους με έμφαση στα δεδομένα που χρησιμεύουν για να κατανοήσουμε στη συνέχεια τα νομικά ζητήματα της διαδικασίας. Η συνοπτική ιστορική αναδρομή κλείνει με την αναφορά στις κομβικής σημασίας αποφάσεις του Eurogroup και την δομή του ν. 4050/2012, που αποτελεί τον σκελετό της διαδικασίας του PSI. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο αναλύονται τα νομικά ζητήματα του «κουρέματος» από άποψη δημοσίου και ευρωπαϊκού δικαίου και οι βάσεις των αξιώσεων των θιγέντων επενδυτών έναντι του Ελληνικού Δημοσίου. Η προσβολή των περιουσιακών δικαιωμάτων των θιγέντων επενδυτών, η αμφίβολη αναλογικότητα και η προσβολή της δικαιολογημένης εμπιστοσύνης είναι τα προεξέχοντα νομικά ζητήματα που εξετάζονται με παράλληλη αναφορά και σχολιασμό των αποφάσεων του Συμβουλίου της Επικρατείας. Το τρίτο κεφάλαιο αναφέρεται στην προστασία των επενδυτών στο πλαίσιο του δικαίου της κεφαλαιαγοράς με έμφαση στον επενδυτή καταναλωτή -«μικροομολογιούχο». Θα αξιολογήσουμε τη συμπεριφορά των επενδυτικών συμβούλων (ΠΙ και ΕΠΕΥ) στο πλαίσιο της αγοράς ΟΕΔ υπό το πρίσμα των γενικών διατάξεων, των ειδικότερων διατάξεων της MiFID και των διατάξεων του ν. 2251/1994 για την προστασία του καταναλωτή. Στην αξιολόγηση βοηθά σημαντικά η νομολογία της τελευταίας πενταετίας για τα ομόλογα Lehman Brothers. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μία αδρομερής αναφορά στις αναδιαρθώσεις χρέους της Ρωσίας και της Αργεντινής με έμφαση στις σημαντικότερες δικαστικές διαμάχες από τις οποίες αντλούμε χρήσιμα στοιχεία για την αντιμετώπιση των διαφορών των θιγέντων επενδυτών με τα κράτη – εκδότες. Στην εμπειρία της Αργεντινής αναφερόμαστε και στο ρόλο των διεθνών κερδοσκοπικών funds, που, όμως, είναι πιο περιορισμένος ή πιο σιωπηλός στην περίπτωση του ελληνικού «κουρέματος». Τέλος, καταλήγουμε σε συμπερασματικές παρατηρήσεις και αναδεικνύουμε τις σημαντικότερες προεκτάσεις του PSI.Τεκμήριο Αειφόρος ανάπτυξη και δίκαιο : ο ευρωπαϊκός και διεθνής διάλογος για τις αρχές που διέπουν την αειφόρο ανάπτυξη - νομοθετική και νομολογιακή θεμελίωση(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2011) Αθανασοπούλου, Αναστασία; Χάνος, Αντώνιος; Αθανασοπούλου, Χαρίκλεια; Μέλισσας , Δημήτρης Κ.; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο. Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουΤεκμήριο Αίτια, συνθήκες και παράγοντες που επιδρούν στην ανάπτυξη παραβατικής συμπεριφοράς(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2009) Μαλαγάρη, Σταυρούλα; Στράγγας, Ιωάννης; Χάνος, Αντώνιος; Παπαχαραλάμπους, Χάρης; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουOn the occasion of penetrating in depth in the issue of causes, conditions and factors that affect the development of deviant behavior, the researcher encounters the problematic of the central concept of the present essay, deviant behavior, as well as the issue of causality in general and more specifically, in the sector of deviant behavior.By examining the concept of deviant behavior we ascertain that it defines a number of phenomena different among them. Deviance is a concept wider than violation of rules of justice, it is violation of rules in a wide, sociological notion. The term “deviance” refers to types of behavior which are not socially approved, but do not constitute at any rate infringement of law. Infraction or criminality forms an aspect of deviant behavior among others which however constitutes violation of law. It concerns a relative concept granted that it depends and alters according to the extend of unanimity of the social whole as to if an act constitutes deviance or normality, as well as to the specific conditions under which an act is committed.According to the distinction, whether rules and laws are considered product of social consent or social conflict, is given the answer to the question which acts, which offends of “moral values” and with which criterion are considered punishable and criminal on the basis of socio-political views and conceptions of every society.According to the theory of social consent, the members of society, in order to serve their mutual interest, accept limitations in their freedom and abide by certain basic rules of behavior. Coherence and order of society derive from the unanimous consent of the members of society in relation to the principles and values constituting the basis of organization of social life. In cases where according to this model conflict arises, it is about a4totally marginal phenomenon, resulting from individual pathology or deficient function of social mechanisms. In such cases the system has the ability of control and reestablishment of balance and stability.According to the theory of social conflict, the characterization of certain acts as criminal is the result of the dominance of a social group over the others. The group that has the power imposes its opinions in relation to the acts considered as criminal for the purpose of defending and perpetuating its prevalence. Society, according to this point of view, is characterized from contrariety of interests and values. The ruling class consolidates her dominance by constructing laws with which those interests and values are secured. In case of overturning of the correlation, the result is social change with the formation of new structures and their consolidation with new laws.Crime is not a reality existing before criminal law and consisting of offence of mutual values, granted that protected values as well as offensive behaviors are not given a priori but are being selected from penal law.In relation to the concept of causality, its existence in Nature constitutes one first basic admission. This existence can be perceived with the discovery of rules or relations which maintain stable. And these exact necessary relations among objects, facts, conditions etc., are called causal rules.The fact that the necessity of a rule is never absolute, leads us to the necessary clarification that one rule is necessary only after the abstraction of coincidence, of independent factors that is likely to exist, coincidence that leads to the concept of “fate”. Causality and fate are concepts unbreakably connected, as opposite to each other and as necessary for the right perception of one and the same phenomenon.5Every connection between two facts or phenomena does not necessarily coincide with a causal connection and every individual phenomenon is in interdependence with the rest. In this sense, there is a discrimination between direct or imminent cause and condition: Direct cause is defined from the fact that when submitted to alterations taking place in a certain given context, provoke significant alteration to the results whereas condition is defined as the necessary factors so as to provoke the results but in the specific context does not alter enough so as to alter remarkably the results.Causality in the sector of deviant behavior includes cause-conditions-result-connection between cause and result and feedback between cause and result.In the first place, we may define “cause” as a phenomenon which appears and produces another phenomenon considered in this case as the result. One and the same clause may be considered as cause or merely as condition. That depends in great measure on a quantitative – qualitative criterion which is the extent of the influence that is brought upon the result by the specific condition. Cause bears greater influence upon the result in relation to condition but distinguishing what constitutes cause and what condition is something that varies and differs according to circumstances.In the examination of causality on the sector of crime we proceed from a general level (overall view of crime as phenomenon), to a specific level) examination of separate types of crimes) and finally to an individual level (one particular crime).We seek for the cause of crime in a general sociological level, in social phenomena, in material living and labor conditions, in material conditions of everyday life and the rest of social relations.In the more specific level of examination of behavior of different categories of individuals, we observe that the process of transforming the6conscience is a process extremely time-consuming and strenuous, and consistently, it is noticed a lack of correspondence between the objective reality as it is expressed on the system of productive relations and the rest social relations and the perception that general categories of individuals hold for reality. That is easily explained by the fact that individual conscience changes slower than material living conditions.Finally, in an individual level, the examination of the individual that displayed deviant behavior is indispensable, granted that it is impossible to understand the essence of the problem without the individual and the examination of the role that social problems played in the shaping of his personality and his behavior. Elements that are particularly important in this level are the experiences, the mental characteristics and the mechanism of forming one’s behavior.However, for an analysis of the cause and the conditions of crime, the concept of “factor” and the clarification of its relation to cause and condition are equally necessary. “Cause” produces deviant behavior, whereas factors simply facilitate, have an effect on the course or the result of the process.Basically the factors that have an influence on deviant behavior are two:a)individual(related to personality) andb)socio-economical which are separated in four particular groups:1)socio-demographic group (factors related to urban planning, immigration etc)2)economical (factors related to problems of well-being, consumption etc),3)social and socio-psychological (factors related to the weakening of traditional types of social control of individual) and4)organizational and legal (factors related to the application of new laws connected to the activity of the authorities, the rehabilitation system etc).7In an attempt to specify in a social phenomenon, we focus on hooliganism. Alienation of personality takes place out of the football ground, due to capitalistic production process. It also appears into the football ground, granted that the decay of personality is already commited before entering the football ground. In any case hooliganism is simply a violent expression of a predominant in the society competition and of an already alienated personality: hooligans function on the basis of values with which have been nurtured, revealing in a very clear way, the social personality as she is cut into pieces and smashed in the rest fields of life.In the process of time football has turned in an international level to a giant financial firm. Football ground is now the field where capitalistic competition has been transferred. Financial interests impose the creation and maintenance of hooliganism, for football, as every human activity belongs to those activities that include the dynamics both for the good as for the evil.A complete notion of social control should include the total of public and private acts that lead to facing criminality. In an effort to link possibilities of effective application of anti-criminal policy in every aspect, with some general conclusions we ascertain that any type of anti-criminal policy inevitably does not affect the general dominant frame of social relations but the subsequent phase of the process of its conversion to specific (per category of crime) and individual (in its personalized expression).This is why in the pursuit of causes, conditions and factors that affect deviant behavior we explain social events by taking into consideration that the position that an individual holds within the socio-political system defines the elements of deviant behavior and not the characteristics of his behavior.Τεκμήριο Αναστολή είσπραξης πληρωμής : η εφαρμογή στην πράξη(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Τμήμα Επικοινωνίας Μέσων και Πολιτισμού, 2007) Ρούσκα, Ζωή; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Τμήμα Επικοινωνίας Μέσων και ΠολιτισμούΤεκμήριο Ανώμαλη εξέλιξη ξενοδοχειακών συμβάσεων(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2009-11) Κασιώτη, Ειρήνη Ι.; Δούβλης, Βασίλης Α.; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουThe tourist industry is undoubtedly one of the most important sectors of the Greek economy. It is one of the largest service providing industries which is constantly being molded and is developing at an extremely quick pace on all levels. It is a phenomenon which has particular gravity and varying as well as very important repercussions and implications on both the financial and social life of a country. For these reasons it is important that the development of the tourist industry is controlled and directed properly, at each stage, in order to avoid dangerous consequences which may not only have a negative effect on a country but may also be destructive for it. However, despite its importance the development of this sector from a scientific point of view, namely with regard to case law and theory, is hypotonic in our country. Therefore, even though the services provided by the tourist industry are improving constantly the lack of a thorough legal framework as well as the lack of protective regulations unfortunately, cannot coincide with the new types of transactions required by contemporary financial circumstances. The object of the present dissertation is the hotel contract which is the main legal instrument detailing the relationship between hoteliers and tour operators and in particular its irregular evolution, due to the lack of a contemporary and specialized legal framework. In particular the first chapter analyzes and explains the meaning of the hotel contract and the two most important forms of the same, namely the guarantee commitment and the allotment. The legal nature as well as the regulatory framework of the hotel contract and its forms are examined as these have developed under the articles of the Civil Code, the decision of the Secretary General of the GNTO pertaining to the regulations concerning hoteliers and their clients numbered 503007/1976 and the international agreements reached by the national unions of tour operators and hoteliers which reflect the commercial customs and practices which are applied to their dealings. The second chapter explains in further detail the rights and duties of the contracting parties as these are created when entering into a hotel contract. Furthermore, the tripartite relationship between the hotelier, the tour agent and the client are analyzed in order to clarify the role of each party. In the third chapter the issue of applicable law to the contract between the hotelier and the tour operator is researched. In fact in most cases the hotel contract is entered into between an hotelier and a foreign tour operator. Therefore, in a number of contracts the element which connects the contractual relationship with a foreign jurisdiction is inherent thus rendering mandatory the determination of applicable law in accordance with the Civil Code and the Rome Convention 1980. The fourth chapter deals with the issue of international jurisdiction in the hotel contract, initially in accordance with the Brussels Convention and thereafter in accordance with the European Regulation 44/2001 which replaced the former. Furthermore, the fifth chapter to begin with investigates the primary reasons for the irregular evolution of the hotel contract. Additionally, issues pertaining to rescission of the contract, insolvency or bankruptcy of the parties as well as matters of compensation are examined. Moreover, the subject of insurance coverage of insolvent tour operators is dealt with. Finally, the sixth chapter deals with two important legal topics, namely “time sharing” and “all inclusive” services. The meaning and scope of time sharing are examined as are its legal nature and regulatory framework. Moreover, reference is made to the new European Directive 2008/122/EC and the reasons which led to its necessity. With regard to the issue of “all inclusive” services the final chapter examines the reasons behind its popularity as well as the consequences of this form of tourism for the hoteliers and other businesses related to the tourist industry.Τεκμήριο Αστική ευθύνη παραχωρησιούχου σήματος και domain name(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2014) Κλειδή, Κυριακή Γ.; Μπώλος, Άγγελος Π.; Δούβλης, Βασίλης Α.; Βασιλόπουλος, Σωτήριος Η.; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Τμήμα ΔικαίουΤα διακριτικά γνωρίσματα, όπως το σήμα και το όνομα χώρου, χαρακτηρίζονται ως περιουσιακά αγαθά, καθώς είναι οικονομικά εκμεταλλεύσιμα. Βασικός και ιδιαίτερα διαδεδομένος τρόπος εκμετάλλευσής τους είναι η σύμβαση με την οποία παραχωρείται η χρήση τους από τον δικαιούχο σε τρίτο (παραχωρησιούχο) με ορισμένο οικονομικό αντάλλαγμα. Μέχρι τη θέση σε ισχύ του νόμου 4072/2012, στην ελληνική έννομη τάξη, η παραχώρηση της χρήσης του σήματος ρυθμιζόταν από την εκάστοτε περί σημάτων νομοθεσία (π.χ. νόμος 3205/1955, νόμος 2239/1994), η οποία προσέφερε δύο βασικές επιλογές, την άδεια παράλληλης κατάθεσης σήματος και την άδεια χρήσης σήματος, η πρώτη εκ των οποίων καταργήθηκε από τον ισχύοντα ν. 4072/2012. Όσον αφορά στην άδεια χρήσης ονόματος χώρου, με τις όποιες ιδιαιτερότητες διακρίνουν την εν λόγω σύμβαση και στο βαθμό που το όνομα χώρου έχει αποκτήσει χαρακτήρα απλού διακριτικού γνωρίσματος, εφαρμόζονται αναλογικά οι περί σημάτων διατάξεις. Κατά τη διάρκεια της άδειας χρήσης μπορεί να ανακύψουν ζητήματα που καθιστούν την εξέλιξή της μη ομαλή. Τα εν λόγω ζητήματα μπορεί να αφορούν παραβιάσεις της σύμβασης από κάθε έναν εκ των συμβαλλομένων σχετικά με διάφορες πτυχές, όπως π.χ. η διάρκεια της σύμβασης και η έκταση των παρεχόμενων εξουσιών. Οι εν λόγω παραβιάσεις αποτελούν το νόμιμο λόγο για τη γένεση αστικής ευθύνης του μέρους που παραβιάζει τη σύμβαση. Στην παρούσα εργασία εξετάζεται η αστική ευθύνη του παραχωρησιούχου χρήσης σήματος ή ονόματος χώρου. Αστική ευθύνη του παραχωρησιούχου σήματος γεννάται ιδίως σχετικά με τη διάρκεια της άδειας, τη μορφή και το είδος των εμπορευμάτων για τα οποία μπορεί να χρησιμοποιεί το σήμα, τη γεωγραφική περιοχή εντός της οποίας επιτρέπεται η εν λόγω χρήση, καθώς και τις ποιοτικές προδιαγραφές που ενδεχομένως έχει θέσει ο σηματούχος. Η ευθύνη του παραχωρησιούχου για τους ανωτέρω λόγους προβλέπεται ρητά στο άρθρο 132 παράγραφος 2 του νόμου 4072/2012. Η παραβίαση των ανωτέρω συμβατικών υποχρεώσεων γεννά ενδοσυμβατική ευθύνη, για την οποία εφαρμόζονται οι γενικές διατάξεις του αστικού κώδικα, ενώ επίσης εφαρμόζονται αναλογικά οι διατάξεις για τη μίσθωση προσοδοφόρου. Επιπλέον, είναι αρκετά συνηθισμένο να προστίθενται ρήτρες στη σύμβαση, οι οποίες ελέγχονται για τη νομιμότητά τους, ιδίως για την περίπτωση που τίθενται καταχρηστικά. Οι συγκεκριμένες ρήτρες δύνανται να ενεργούν τόσο κατά το συμβατικό όσο και κατά το μετασυμβατικό στάδιο, ανάλογα με τη συμφωνία των μερών. Ωστόσο, είναι ιδιαίτερα σύνηθες η ευθύνη του παραχωρησιούχου να γεννάται και εξωσυμβατικά, κυρίως ως αδικοπρακτική ευθύνη, λόγω της προσβολής του απόλυτου δικαιώματος στο σήμα, ενώ επίσης νόμιμο λόγο ευθύνης δύναται να θεμελιώσει και η παραβίαση της νομοθεσίας περί αθέμιτου ανταγωνισμού. Η προστασία του σηματούχου συνίσταται στην αξίωση για άρση και παράλειψη της προσβολής του απόλυτου δικαιώματός του, καθώς και στην αξίωση για αποζημίωση. Επιπλέον, δύναται να ζητήσει τη δημοσίευση της καταδικαστικής απόφασης στα ΜΜΕ ή στο διαδίκτυο, ενώ, σε συνδυασμό με την αξίωση για άρση της προσβολής, μπορεί να ζητήσει την απόσυρση των εμπορευμάτων του παραχωρησιούχου από το εμπόριο, την αφαίρεση του σήματος από τα εμπορεύματα ή ακόμη και την καταστροφή τους.Τεκμήριο Αστική ευθύνη του δημοσίου από ιατρικά σφάλματα(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, [2010;]) Τυλλιανάκη, Μυρσίνη-Δωροθέα; Μουκίου, Χρυσούλα Π.; Φουντεδάκη, Πηνελόπη Ν.; Καραγεώργου, Παρασκευή; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουThe issue of state liability as a sequence of negligence or actions of employees of the Greek state (or of Bodies governed by public law) has been discussed almost since the foundation of the Greek state of modern times. Nowadays state liability is legally founded in the Constitution and the Greek state is obliged to compensate for the damage caused by wrongful acts or wrongful failure to act of its employees. This liability system is based on the principle of equality according to which all Greek citizens equally participate in a potential damage suffered by an individual due to state’s activities• this goal is achieved by compensation paid from the state’s budget. During the past few decades a new perspective seems to arise in the field of state liability which is state liability caused by medical errors, namely errors committed by physicians working as employees in state hospitals.In Greek case law quite a few cases of state liability due to medical errors can be found concerning physicians of many different specialties, though mostly surgeons. Medical errors can sometimes cause serious damages extending from death to permanent disabilities and from the necessity to have more operations to the obligation to spend a lot of money for special care or specified treatments. In any case medical errors seriously affect the life of the prejudiced and his/her family and the damage these errors cause can be only partially compensated. Moreover the scientific reputation of the physician(s) involved is badly affected. Greek administrative courts have jurisdiction over cases of state liability due to medical errors. In order to reach a decision the court should examine the facts of each case and find out whether the conditions set by the law -under which state liability can be established- are met. According to the Greek Code of Civil Law that is applicable to state liability, the state is responsible for the wrongful acts or the wrongful failure to act of its employees whenever the latter have caused damage to a third part during their service. The state’s liability is vicarious. The court should also find out whether the physician(s) involved fulfilled the requirements set by the law, the standards set by medical science for each particular case and the rules of professional conduct, the so called “code of practice”. The judges cannot possibly have sufficient scientific knowledge in order to reach a rightful decision: in their difficult task, they are assisted by appointed experts who offer their medical point of view to the court. The judges generally respect the freedom of the physician– scientist to choose among many equivalent methods the treatment he/she prefers but they are more strict about following statutory duties and the rules of professional conduct.Only when all the above mentioned conditions are met does the court award compensation. According to the Greek law compensation for damages -both economical and moral- is awarded to the prejudiced. Sometimes the medical error can cause the death of the patient: in these cases, damages for pain and suffering are paid to the family of the deceased. During the last few years several times the Greek courts have awarded compensation, to the prejudiced or the family of the deceased, a large amount of money. It is noticeable that during these years the amount of money awarded as compensation by the Greek courts seems to rise. The state hospital, in which the medical error occurred, is responsible to pay. According to Greek laws the hospital may then turn against the physician(s) that committed the error and claim the money. A disciplinary procedure against the physician is also possible. The prejudiced though may sue the physician to the penal courts but not to the civil courts.Medical science is exposed to various risks and unexpected turns and it is undisputable that medical errors cannot be eliminated. Besides, ‘errare humanum est’. Medical errors may and should, though, be reduced as they cause serious damage to various parts.Τεκμήριο Αστική ευθύνη του δημοσίου από νόμιμες ενέργειες διοικητικών οργάνων(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2015) Μιχαλάκη, Ελευθερία Γ.; Μουκίου, Χρυσούλα Π.; Μαρκαντωνάτου-Σκάλτσα, Ανδρομάχη; Καραγεώργου, Βασιλική Ι.; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Τμήμα ΔικαίουΘέμα αυτής της μεταπτυχιακής εργασίας είναι η αναγνώριση της ύπαρξης αστικής ευθύνης του δημοσίου από νόμιμες ενέργειες των διοικητικών οργάνων. Η ελληνική έννομη τάξη δεν αναγνωρίζει την ύπαρξη τέτοιας μορφής ευθύνης. Ωστόσο, η πρόσφατη νομολογία του Συμβουλίου της Επικρατείας δείχνει την τάση αναγνώρισης της ύπαρξης αστικής ευθύνης του δημοσίου από νόμιμες ενέργειες των διοικητικών οργάνων. Το έρεισμά της είναι η διάταξη του άρθρου 4 παράγραφος 5 του Συντάγματος, που προβλέπει ότι: «Οι έλληνες πολίτες συνεισφέρουν αδιακρίτως στα δημόσια βάρη αναλόγως των δυνάμεών τους». Περαιτέρω, προϋπόθεση αναγνώρισης της ύπαρξης αστικής ευθύνης του δημοσίου από νόμιμες ενέργειες των διοικητικών οργάνων είναι η ιδιαίτερη και σπουδαία βλάβη (ή άλλως η ασυνήθης και ειδική ζημία) που υφίσταται ο διοικούμενος εξαιτίας της νόμιμης ζημιογόνου ενέργειας των διοικητικών οργάνων.Τεκμήριο Αστική ευθύνη του δημοσίου λόγω παραβάσεων κανόνων του κοινοτικού δικαίου: η ελληνική αντιμετώπιση(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2009-06) Γρηγοριάδου, Χρυσαυγή Κ.; Μουκίου, Χρυσούλα Π.; Φουντεδάκη, Πηνελόπη Ν.; Κανελλοπούλου, Μαρία-Νέδα Α.; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουΤεκμήριο Αστική ευθύνη του δημοσίου λόγω παραβάσεων του κοινοτικού δικαίου: το ζήτημα της επίδρασης της νομολογίας του ΔΕΚ(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2008) Μπασιούκα, Ιωάννα; Μουκίου, Χρυσούλα; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουΤεκμήριο Ασφάλεια, σύνορα, ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα : ο ρόλος του FRONTEX(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2010) Βλάχος, Ανδρέας; Καλτσώνης, Δημήτρης; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουFrontex is an EU agency based in Warsaw, which was created as a specialised and independent body tasked to coordinate the operational cooperation between Member States in the field of border security. What is particularly remarkable about Frontex is the considerable amount of attention that it has attracted since its operational start in 2005, from the media and pro-human rights groups. Its activities have generated a significant amount of controversy and have been heavily criticized especially from human right activists and pro-migrant groups. Nowadays, illegal immigration is considered both a threat for social coherence and a risk in a globalized society. The first part of the paper seeks the relation of Frontex to the aforementioned concept, by analyzing its role in the post 9/11 construction of immigration as a security threat for the EU states and its involvement in the management of migration flows. Furthermore, a presentation of its mandate, competences and the existing accountability mechanisms is necessary for a demystification of an agency, sometimes conceived as the embodiment of ''Fortress-Europe''. The second part analyzes the existing legal framework for the widely criticized Frontex operations at the EU’s southern maritime borders. In order to define a possible impact of state practices on the intercepted persons’ human rights, the relevant rules of international, EU and human rights law are examined, especially as to their application outside the EU member states' territorial waters.Τεκμήριο Βασικές εκφάνσεις της ηλεκτρονικής εγκληματικότητας(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2010) Καρφάκη, Χρυσάνθη; Παπανεοφύτου, Αγάπιος Αν; Τζωρτζής, Γεώργιος; Ζιούβας, Δημήτρης Λ.; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουNowadays, the exponential growth of information has undeniably resulted to considerable changes in the society, driving to the digital revolution which has led to the so called “Information Society”. In addition, apart from the rapid development of computer’s technology major changes appeared in the criminal phenomenon with the advent of modern forms of crime, which could briefly be ascribed as “Electronic Delinquency”. The current work constitutes a study of the key dimensions of electronic delinquency, which forced the greek legislator to add specific provisions in the Greek Criminal Code which actually form the arms of the greek penal law against computer crime. In particular, this study deals with the following: a) The computer fraud, which is punishable under the article 386A of the Greek Penal Code. b) The unfair violation of data or computer software, which are confidential data, and is punishable under the article 370B of the Greek Penal Code. c) The unauthorized copy or use of computer software (software piracy), which is punishable under the article 370C par. 1 of the Greek Penal Code. d) The unauthorized access to computer systems which is punishable under the article 370C par. 2 of the Greek Penal Code. e) Finally, the current study will examine the new broad dimension of the term ‘document’ according to the article 13c of the Greek Penal Code, which affects highly the crime of forgery under the article 216 of the Greek Penal Code (forgery by using Personal Computers – PC’s). To sum up, considering the criminal theory and jurisprudence, in addition to the personal opinion of the writer, the present work examines the as above mentioned criminal provisions in the aspect of the protected legal goods, the elements of the specific status of the crimes and the problems attributed to the choices of the greek legislator related to all these.Τεκμήριο Βιοηθική, δίκαιο και γενετική τεχνολογία: ζητήματα κλωνισμού ή κλονισμού της ανθρωπότητας;(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2008) Ρώσσου, Ελένη; Χάνος, Αντώνιος; Μέλισσας, Δημήτρης; Στράγγας, Ιωάννης; Χάνος, Αντώνιος; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουΤεκμήριο Γενετική τεχνολογία και ιατρική ευθύνη ως προς την εφαρμογή της(Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο Κοινωνικών και Πολιτικών Επιστημών, 2009) Κουκούτση, Αγγελική; Πάντειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Γενικό Τμήμα ΔικαίουFor the last years there’s been a flurry of technological evolution of biology and biomedicine which produced international and national legislative mobilization in order to regulate these issues.Part of this development is the artificial insemination which was taking place before the requisite legal frame even existed.For that reason, Greek legislation trying to follow up the continuous and rapid developments regarding genetics as well us the perspectives and the hazards that this evolution creates, seek to regulate, within a period of just two years, matters touching upon medically assisted reproduction, introducing laws 3089/2002 and 3305/2005.Both statutes regarding medically assisted reproduction have been formulated within the framework of the principles and values endorsed by the Greek Constitution, the European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine and the additional protocol, which have been incorporated into Greek law. The interests of the child are also protected by the international Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.The first law, 3089/2002, resolved basic questions regarding “Medically Assisted Human Reproduction” and regulated the ensuing consequences for the institutions of kinship and inheritance.The second law 3305/2005 provided solutions to issues regarding the preconditions for using methods of medically assisted reproduction, the availability and handling of genetic material, insurance coverage and the establishment and operation of Medically Assisted Reproduction Clinics and Cryopreservation Banks. Furthermore, law 3305/2005 provides for the creation of an independent national administrative authority with jurisdiction over146biolaw. Finally, provides for administrative penalties and for penal sanctions in the event that its provisions are violated.The basic concept though and the most important element in the field of penal law is the concept of vested rights (goods) and the insult of them “legalizes” a drastic social reaction in the form of penalty. For this reason in every penal provision a clear and lucid definition of the vested right that is being protected is needed in order to avoid the penal law becoming the means of appeasement of every fear and prejudice.The rather strict sanctions that the law provides for, in case of breaking the law, lead to the thought that the legislator’s will was to establish the genetic material as a vested right which has a separate existence and in order to transmit a sense of security to the people for the new methods’ use. The question that arises is the following: is the genetic material protected as a thing or as a potential human being?Although this particular law has tried to offer a solution in the direction of penal protection of genetic material on the other hand, widens the field of medical responsibility, which is analyzed in civil, penal and administrative.Despite the fact that the above laws regulate in great detail the procedure of medical assisted reproduction and the limits on accepted doctor’s participation in it, they also create insecurity because of the strict penal sanctions which at some point are disproportionate to the action.Furthermore, the penal trials are accompanied by civil ones, which are followed by the award of enormous indemnities when the application of the methods of medical assisted reproduction appears to have even more significant difficulties and complications compared to other categories of medical services.A fear is created, that the rather strict penal provisions will become an obstacle to the biogenetic progress in our country and that they, for sure, will not prevent the application of these methods either illegally or in other countries with a more “tolerant” legal frame.147148In conclusion, the law has to succeed in compromising the technological advances in genetic material manipulation made by biology and biomedicine and the principles of bioethics by creating rules which are reflecting the general and collective will.The law has to protect the patient but also must not disorient the doctor who instead of trying to succeed in protecting the patient, will try to protect himself from possible charges and lawsuits.Besides, what is never going to change is the substance of the special relationship between the doctor and the patient and the only desirable is this relationship to remain founded in true confidence and mutual respect which secures the truly “consensus”.